Cardiac catheterisation in children and adults with grown-up congenital heart disease
Summary
Cardiac catheterisation in children and adults with congenital heart disease is of increasing importance due to the rising number of newborns with congenital heart defects reaching adulthood. In addition to diagnostic catheterisation, interventional catheterisation is an essential tool for treatment of sequelae following corrective or palliative treatment of complex congenital heart disease. Ever since the first case of neonatal transcatheter intervention by Rashkind in 1967 1, numerous percutaneous interventions have been introduced to the field and have enriched our armamentarium of treatment options for these patients.
The complexity and heterogeneity of children and adults with grown-up congenital heart disease require an individualised plan and approach for catheterisation.
Introduction
In the past, diagnostic cardiac catheterisation and angiography were the gold standard for imaging and haemodynamic assessment in patients with congenital heart disease. With the evolution of non-invasive imaging techniques, such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, many congenital defects can now be diagnosed and treated solely on the basis of these methods. However, in the presence of inconclusive or contradictory non-invasive imaging data or unexplained unfavourable...
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